The Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Bond Strength of Three Types of Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials to Dentin.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 38 percent silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of three types of bulk-fill restorative materials to dentin. Methods: Eighty recently extracted deidentified, sound, human premolar teeth were sectioned to expose the mid-coronal dentin. A composite restorative material (ACTIVA™), a giomer (Beautifil®), and a high-viscosity glass ionomer (HVGI) cement (Equia Forte®) were used. The specimens were randomly assigned into eight groups (N equals 10 per group) according to the type of restorative material (ACTIVA™, Beautifil ®, Equia Forte ® with and without the conditioner) and pretreatment with one drop of 38 percent SDF. Both ACTIVA™ and Beautifil ® were bonded to dentin with a universal adhesive (Scotchbond™ Universal). The SBS was measured in a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm per minute crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey's, and adjusted pairwise comparison tests were used for statistical analysis of data (α equals 0.05). Results: Pretreatment of dentin with SDF did not affect the SBS of the tested bulk-fill materials (P>0.05). The SBS of the ACTIVA™ and Beautifil® groups was similar (P>0.05) and significantly higher than all Equia Forte® groups (P<0.001). Application of conditioner had no significant effect on the SBS values of Equia Forte® (adjusted P>0.01). Conclusions: The application of silver diamine fluoride did not influence the shear bond strength of tested bulk-fill materials to dentin. Prior conditioning did not affect the SBS of the high-viscosity glass ionomer to dentin. The giomer and composite restorative materials showed significantly higher SBS than high-viscosity glass ionomer.

Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Incidence of Alveolar Osteitis and Postoperative Pain following Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for the prevention of incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) and postoperative pain following third molar surgery. In this double-blind clinical trial, the impacted teeth of patients having bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were surgically extracted; for each participant, one socket was randomly assigned to receive photobiomodulation treatment, the other received sham treatment. 660 nm 200 mW CW was applied at a distance of ~1cm to 4 points on the occlusal area of extraction socket (beam area at the tissue ~0.64 cm2 , 312.5 mW cm-2 , 1J, 1.6 J cm-2 ). Also, 810 nm 200 mW CW was applied at tissue surface at three points on the buccal and three points on the lingual gingiva, for 15 s (400 mW cm-2 , 3 J, 6 J cm-2 ). There was a statistically meaningful difference in AO frequency between the two groups, and the photobiomodulation group showed lower AO frequency compared with the sham PBM treatment (P-value = 0.035). According to the findings of this study, photobiomodulation therapy reduced the incidence of AO following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. The incidence of AO typically occurs 3-7 days post-extraction, and our results suggest that PBM treatment within the 7 days could help reduce the risk of AO development.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Green Tea Mouth Rinse and Green Tea Gel on the Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Colony Count in 12-18-year-old Teenagers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

AIMS: Green tea is an antibacterial agent with no significant side effect. This feature makes green tea safe for children to use. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of green tea gel and mouth rinse on salivary level of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus of teenagers aged 12-18 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, 30 children aged 12-18 years were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in mouth rinse group were asked to rinse their mouth with 0.5% green tea mouthwash twice a day for 2 weeks. In the gel group, participants were requested to brush their teeth with 0.5% green tea gel twice a day for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of washout period, mouthwash group applied the gel and the gel group rinsed the mouthwash for 2 weeks and with the same instruction as mentioned. Colony count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus was determined before and after intervention and data were analyzed using t-test. RESULTS: According to the independent t-test, there was no significant difference in the salivary levels of S. mutans before and after intervention regarding age and gender (P = 0.33). Results from paired t-test showed significant decrease in the mean count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus colonies in both groups before and after intervention (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Green tea gel and mouthwash contribute to a significant reduction of salivary levels of S. mutans and Lactobacillus colonies, with a greater effect of mouthwash than the green tea gel, which was not statistically significant.

Does Intra-Alveolar Application of Chlorhexidine Gel in Combination With Platelet-Rich Fibrin Have an Advantage Over Application of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Decreasing Alveolar Osteitis After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery? A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) compared with PRF alone in preventing the development of alveolar osteitis (AO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a double-blinded trial, patients undergoing surgical management of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 2 groups; 1 group received PRF in 1 extraction socket with the other socket as its control and the other group received 0.2% CHX gel plus PRF in 1 socket with the other socket serving as its control. The study and control sides were unknown to the surgeon and the patient. The predictor variables were PRF application (PRF vs non-PRF) and PRF plus CHX application (PRF-CHX vs non-PRF-CHX). The outcome variable was the development of AO during the first week after surgery. Age, gender, surgical difficulty score, surgeon's experience, number of anesthesia cartridges injected, and irrigation volume were other variables. Data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using the t test and χ2 test, with the confidence interval set at 95%. RESULTS: In total, 482 surgeries were performed on 241 patients (mean age, 24 yr). The overall frequencies of AO in all surgeries, the PRF group, and the PRF-CHX group were 15.14, 17.37, and 13%, respectively. The frequency of AO in the PRF and PRF-CHX sockets was significantly lower than in the non-PRF (relative risk = 0.46) and non-PRF-CHX (relative risk = 0.18) sockets, respectively (P < .05). Moreover, the risk of developing AO in the PRF-CHX sockets was significantly lower than in the PRF sockets (relative risk = 0.37; P < .05). CONCLUSION: According to the present findings, the application of CHX gel with PRF increases the efficiency of PRF in lowering the risk of developing AO after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.